Networking Telecommunication Media, Wireless, UTP STP, Fiber Optics, Coaxial Cable part-0.4

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Network Media of CompTIA Network Plus Theory Concept: -
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are found in many Ethernet networks and telephone systems. For indoor telephone applications,
Eight copper wires twisted into four color-coded pairs and then wound inside a jacket to reduce crosstalk.
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
Eight copper wires twisted into four color-coded pairs and then wound inside a shield of wire mesh to prevent electromagnetic interference.
Category 3
Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 3 was a popular cabling format among computer network administrators in the early 1990s, but fell out of popularity in favor of the very similar, but higher performing, Category 5 standard. Cat 3 is currently still in use in two-line telephone systems, and can easily be adapted to run Voice over Internet Protocol (as long as a dedicated local area network for the telephones is created).
Transmission speed: up to 10 Mbit/s
Distance: 100 meters
Duplex (two-way communication): Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3)
Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below
Frequency: 16 MHz
Category 5
Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 5 cable includes four twisted pairs in a single cable jacket. This use of balanced lines helps preserve a high signal-to-noise ratio despite interference from both external sources and other pairs (this latter form of interference is called crosstalk).
Transmission speed: up to 100 Mbit/s
Distance: 100 meters
Duplex: Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3)
Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below
Frequency: 100 MHz
Category 5e
Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 5e cable is an enhanced version of Category 5 that adds specifications for far end crosstalk.

Transmission speed: up to 1000 Mbit/s (also known as 1 Gbit/s)
Distance: 100 meters
Duplex: Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3)
Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below
Frequency: 350 MHz
Category 6
Part of a family of copper cabling standards defined jointly by the Electronic Industries Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. Category 6 features more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise than Category 5e.
Transmission speed: up to 10 Gbit/s
Distance: 100 meters
Duplex: Full if point-to-point (see Objective 2.3)
Noise immunity: Good if STP (Shielded Twisted Pair), Poor if UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) - see below
Frequency: 250 MHz (500 MHz for Category 6a)
Multimode fiber
The propagation of light through a multi-mode optical fiber.
In fiber-optic communication, a multimode fiber is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over shorter distances, such as within a building or on a campus. More than one signal can be transmitted at a time by bouncing the light off of the walls of the core because of the size of its core, greater than 10 microns. It can be made of glass or plastic, as the tolerances required over shorter distances allow for the use of plastic. The shorter distance also allows for the use of a laser or a less expensive LED (light emitting diode) as the source of light traveling through the fiber.
Duplex: Full (one fiber each direction)
Noise immunity: not susceptible to electromagnetic interference
Single-mode fiber
The structure of a typical single-mode fiber.
1. Core: 8 µm diameter
2. Cladding: 125 µm dia.
3. Buffer: 250 µm dia.
4. Jacket: 400 µm dia.
In fiber-optic communication, a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode) over a great distance. Its core measures 8-10 microns and allows for less dispersion of light than multimode fiber. It requires the use of a laser in order to reach long distances at high speeds.
Transmission speed: up to 10 Gbit/s
Distance: 40 kilometers
Duplex: Full (one fiber each direction)
Noise immunity: not susceptible to electromagnetic interference

Coaxial cable
(TV cables)