Fiber Optics #01 Introduction to Optical Fibers & its Applications

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Fiber Optics #01 Introduction to Optical Fibers & its Applications
Welcome to the first lecture of fiber optics. In this lecture we will learn about the introduction of optical fibers, their applications in our lives and some interesting facts associated with optical fibers. Course contents and suggested books are also outlined.
An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide made of low-loss materials such as silica glass. It has a central core in which the light is guided, embedded in an outer cladding of slightly lower refractive index . Light rays incident on the core-cladding boundary at angles greater than the critical angle undergo total internal reflection and are guided through the core without refraction. Rays of greater inclination to the fiber axis lose part of their power into the cladding at each reflection and are not guided.
Applications of Optical fibers are as follow:
1. Endoscopy is used to image inside the human body. Laproscopy is used to carry out minimum invasive Surgery.
2. Monitoring the physical health of structures in real time.
3. Buildings and Bridges: Concrete monitoring during setting, crack (length, propagation speed) monitoring, prestressing monitoring, spatial displacement measurement, neutral axis evolution, long-term deformation (creep and shrinkage) monitoring, concrete-steel interaction, and post-seismic damage evaluation.
4. Tunnels: Multipoint optical extensometers, convergence monitoring, shotcrete / prefabricated vaults evaluation, and joints monitoring damage detection.
5. Heritage structures: Displacement monitoring, crack opening analysis, post-seismic damage evaluation, restoration monitoring, and old-new interaction
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